Earlier this month, a children’s hospital in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv was hit after Russia launched a wave of missile strikes against Ukrainian cities.
During the cabinet meeting, Mr Zelensky told senior ministers that Russian President Vladimir Putin “must pay” for his “disregard for human life”.
“How can we ensure this? Right now we are missing the main answer to this question – that is our long-range capability.
“Show your leadership in this and please convince other partners to remove the limits.
“We need this step – that will force Russia to seek peace.”
During his visit to No 10, Mr Zelensky signed a defence export support treaty aimed at helping Ukrainian and UK defence companies to invest in further military capabilities.
It followed Thursday’s meeting of the European Political Community at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, where the continent’s leaders agreed to tackle Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” – 600 tankers evading sanctions on Russian oil.
The vessels carry around 1.7 million barrels of oil per day. Some are also believed to be transporting weapons to Russia or acting as Russian listening stations.